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30 June 2007: Deloitte view on endorsement of IFRS 8 in Europe
We reported in our News Story of 5 June 2007 that the European Commission is conducting a public consultation regarding the endorsement of IFRS 8 Operating Segments before finalising a report on the potential impact of endorsement for submission to the European Parliament in September 2007. The Commission's public consultation involved a questionnaire to which responses were due 29 June 2007. The issue is whether it is appropriate to endorse IFRS 8 for use in the EU, thereby superseding IAS 14 Segment Reporting, which is currently in use in the EU. The Deloitte IFRS specialists centres in a number of the Deloitte European firms have jointly replied to the Commission's consultation supporting the endorsement of IFRS 8. The letter notes that IFRS 8 has currently received a positive advice from the EFRAG (the 'technical level' of the EU endorsement process for accounting standards) and the ARC (the 'political' level of the endorsement process). Deloitte advocates immediate endorsement of IFRS 8 in the EU. Click for:
30 June 2007: SME field test questionnaire in French and Spanish
In News Story of 20 June 2007 we reported that the IASB has launched a comprehensive programme for field testing the proposals in the Exposure Draft (ED) of an IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs). The testing will help to identify aspects of the (ED) that may need reconsideration. Companies taking part in the field test are asked to provide background information about the company, submit their most recent annual financial statements under their existing accounting framework, prepare financial statements in accordance with the proposed IFRS for SMEs for the same financial year, and respond to a series of questions designed to identify any specific problems the company encountered in applying the exposure draft. Initially, the IASB published the field test questionnaire in English. The IASB has now posted the French and Spanish translations of the field test questionnaire:
29 June 2007: New Deloitte Australia 'what's new' checklist
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Deloitte (Australia) has published What's New for June 2007 (PDF 306k). This guide provides a high level overview of new and revised financial reporting requirements that need to be considered for financial reporting periods ending on 30 June 2007. Entities can use this listing to perform a quick check that all new financial reporting requirements have been fully considered as part of their June reporting close process. Other Australia news is Here.
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29 June 2007: Updated Deloitte Guide to IFRS 2 Share-based Payment
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The Deloitte IFRS Global Office has published a new 128-page IAS Plus Guide to IFRS 2 Share-based Payment 2007 (PDF 748k). The guide not only explains the detailed provisions of IFRS 2 but also deals with its application in many practical situations. Because of the complexity and variety of share-based payment awards in practice, it is not always possible to be definitive as to what is the 'right' answer. However, in this guide Deloitte shares with you our approach to finding solutions that we believe are in accordance with the objective of the Standard. Click for links to other Deloitte IFRS Publications. |
When IFRS 2 was issued in 2004, the idea of recording an expense for share-based awards at their fair value in the income statement seemed to be revolutionary. Three years later, despite the ongoing arguments about 'increased volatility' in earnings, preparers and users are generally accustomed to the concept that when an entity grants a share-based award to its service-suppliers (employees and others), it should recognise an expense. The bigger challenges today lie with more practical concerns. To name just a few:
- how to determine fair value for awards with more complex terms and conditions?
- when to classify transactions as cash- or equity-settled?
- whether amendments to terms and conditions represent modifications or replacements?
- how to account for transactions with multiple features and several potential outcomes?
- And perhaps the most common issue in practice: how to account for share-based awards in the individual financial statements of group entities in situations when, for example, the parent grants share-based awards to employees of its
subsidiaries? IFRIC 11 has partly addressed this issue - but many questions remain.
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29 June 2007: New Global Offerings Services newsletter
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We have posted the May 2007 Edition of the Deloitte Global Offerings Services Newsletter (PDF 148k). Global Offerings Services is a global team of Deloitte practitioners assisting non-US companies and non-US practice office engagement teams in applying US and International accounting standards (that is, US GAAP and IFRSs) and in complying with the SEC's financial reporting rules. The GOs Newsletter is an update on relevant GAAP, regulatory, and other matters, webcasts, and publications, with hyperlinks to source material. Past GOs Newsletters are Here. |
29 June 2007: EFRAG 2006 annual review
The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) has published its Annual Review for 2006 (PDF 1,826k). The Chairman's report identifies a range of key events and activities in 2006, including: |
- IFRS implementation in Europe
- A new formal working arrangement with the European Commission, Accounting Regulatory Committee, Roundtable for Consistent Application of IFRSs, and Standards Advice Review Group
- New endorsement process under the IAS Regulation giving the European Parliament more influence in the endorsement process.
- Pro-Active Activities in Europe (PAAinE)
- IFRS convergence prospects with US GAAP
- Meetings with the European national standard setters
- Establishment of an EFRAG User Panel
- Technical work responding to IASB Exposure Drafts and Discussion Papers and IFRIC Draft Interpretations and giving endorsement advice on issued standards and interpretations.
28 June 2007: IFRIC issues Interpretation on customer loyalty programmes
The International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee has issued an Interpretation, IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes. IFRIC 13 addresses accounting by entities that grant loyalty award credits (such as 'points' or travel miles) to customers who buy other goods or services. Specifically, it explains how such entities should account for their obligations to provide free or discounted goods or services ('awards') to customers who redeem award credits. Click for the Press Release (PDF 63k). The IFRIC also published some information questions and answers as a simple introduction to IFRIC 13 (available from the IASB's website).
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Key provisions of IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes
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- An entity that grants loyalty award credits shall allocate some of the proceeds of the initial sale to the award credits as a liability (its obligation to provide the awards). In effect, the award is accounted for as a separate component of the sale transaction.
- The amount of proceeds allocated to the award credits is measured by reference to their fair value, that is, the amount for which the award credits could have been sold separately.
- The entity shall recognise the deferred portion of the proceeds as revenue only when it has fulfilled its obligations. It may fulfil its obligations either by supplying the awards itself or by engaging (and paying) a third party to do so.
- If at any time the expected costs of meeting the obligation exceed the consideration received, the entity has an onerous contract for which IAS 37 would require recognition of a liability.
- IFRIC 13 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2008, with earlier application permitted.
- If IFRIC 13 causes an entity to change its accounting policy for customer loyalty awards, IAS 8 applies.
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28 June 2007: PCAOB 2006 report highlights international efforts
The US Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has published its Annual Report for 2006 (PDF 1,340k). The report emphasises the PCAOB's efforts to coordinate its work with auditor oversight bodies in other countries. See especially page 8 for details of the PCAOB's international activities. Two excerpts from the report:
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The Board has made it a priority to enhance the PCAOB's coordination with our international counterparts and expand the PCAOB's role in efforts to improve auditor oversight and auditing practices worldwide. During 2006, the PCAOB expanded its participation in cross-border information-sharing and coordination with audit regulators. I am confident that the PCAOB can work with other audit oversight bodies on a multilateral and bilateral basis to minimize the burdens of duplicative or
contradictory regulation at the same time that we fulfill our important statutory obligations to investors and the public.
During 2006, the Board continued to expand its activities in the international arena. The PCAOB held discussions regarding cooperation with approximately 20 countries worldwide, thereby facilitating the Board's inspection work in Canada, Asia, Latin America, and the European Union and setting the groundwork for 2007 inspections elsewhere. The Board expects that these
discussions and inspections will continue to expand in 2007 as the PCAOB works with non-US regulatory bodies to coordinate resources, reduce unnecessary regulatory burdens, and promote strong and constructive auditor oversight in order to better protect US investors and investors worldwide.
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28 June 2007: SEC panel on streamlining financial reporting
The US Securities and Exchange Commission is forming an advisory committee to study the US financial reporting system. The SEC Advisory Committee on Improvements to Financial Reporting will study the causes of complexity and recommend to the Commission how to make financial reports clearer and more beneficial to investors, reduce costs and unnecessary burdens for preparers, and better utilize advances in technology to enhance all aspects of financial reporting. The advisory committee will focus on the following areas:
- the current approach to setting financial accounting and reporting standards;
- the current process of regulating compliance by registrants and financial professionals with accounting and reporting standards;
- the current systems for delivering financial information to investors and accessing that information;
- other environmental factors that drive unnecessary complexity and reduce transparency to investors;
- whether there are current accounting and reporting standards that impose costs that outweigh the resulting benefits, and
- whether this cost-benefit analysis is likely to be impacted by the growing use of international accounting standards.
The committee will be chaired by Robert Pozen, the former vice chairman of Fidelity Investments, and will include 13 to 17 members to be named in the next couple weeks, The group is expected to issue a final report in August 2008. The new SEC advisory group will include an observer from the International Accounting Standards Board. Click for:
27 June 2007: Deloitte CEO applauds SEC's IFRS proposal
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Deloitte global CEO James H Quigley, speaking at the firm's annual World Meeting in Berlin, said that governments and regulators must continue with genuine efforts to achieve consistency in the development and application of global financial reporting standards and a global reporting infrastructure in order to enhance protection for investors. Mr Quigley pointed out that the increasing cooperation between the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the European Commission to facilitate mutual recognition of financial reporting standards in the US and Europe is a significant step toward the advancement of a truly global reporting framework. He called the SEC's recent proposal to eliminate the reconciliation requirement for IFRS registrants "testament to the success of the convergence process and a significant milestone in the journey". Click for Press Release (PDF 21k).
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26 June 2007: IASB meeting dates for 2008

The IASB has published its meeting schedule for 2008. Board meetings are in London other than the October joint meeting with FASB. You can always find future meeting dates Here: |
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IASB Meeting Dates 2008 |
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- Monday 21 January - Friday 25 January 2008
- Monday 18 February - Friday 22 February 2008
- Monday 10 March - Friday 14 March 2008
- Monday 14 April - Friday 18 April 2008
- Monday 21 April - Tuesday 22 April 2008 Joint IASB/FASB Meeting
- Monday 19 May - Friday 23 May 2008
- Monday 16 June - Friday 20 June 2008
- Monday 21 July - Friday 25 July 2008
- Thursday 11 September - Friday 12 September 2008 World Standard Setters Meeting
- Monday 15 September - Friday 19 September 2008
- Monday 13 October - Friday 17 October 2008
- Tuesday 21 October - Wednesday 22 October 2008 Joint IASB/FASB Meeting (Norwalk, CT, USA)
- Monday 17 November - Friday 21 November 2008
- Monday 15 December - Friday 19 December 2008
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25 June 2007: European paper on stewardship as a financial reporting objective
The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) and a number of other European accounting standard-setters under the lead of the UK Accounting Standards Board (ASB) have today published a brief paper discussing the rationale for including stewardship, or directors' accountability to shareholders, as a separate objective of financial reporting. The paper notes that the IASB and FASB proposed in their July 2006 Discussion Paper (DP) Preliminary Views on an Improved Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting that the converged framework should specify only one objective of financial reporting, that of 'decision-usefulness' for resource allocation. They argued that this objective 'encompasses providing information useful in assessing management's stewardship'. The European paper seeks to demonstrate that:
- there is a broad consensus amongst the majority of the respondents that the stewardship/accountability objective should be a separate objective of financial reporting;
- stewardship/accountability is linked to agency theory and is a broader notion than resource allocation as it focuses on both past performance and how the entity is positioned for the future. It should therefore be retained as a separate objective of financial reporting to ensure that there is appropriate emphasis on company performance as a whole and not just on potential future cash flows; and
- stewardship/accountability has implications for financial reporting that can be demonstrated by way of examples.
Click to Download the Paper (PDF 1,021k).
25 June 2007: Updated EFRAG endorsement status report
The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group has updated its report showing the status of endorsement, under the EU Accounting Regulation, of each IFRS, including standards, interpretations, and amendments. Click to download the Endorsement Status Report as of 21 June 2007 (PDF 36k). Currently, the following IASB pronouncements have not yet been endorsed for use in Europe:
- IFRS 8 Operating Segments
- IAS 23 Borrowing Costs (revised March 2007)
- IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements
25 June 2007: Stock exchanges voice strong support of IFRSs
In a recent letter in response to a consultation paper of the IOSCO Technical Committee, the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) explained the importance of sound financial reporting to public capital markets and reaffirmed the WFE's strong support of IFRSs. The WFE is the global organisation of 54 regulated exchanges from all regions of the world that, together, account for over 97% of world stock market capitalisation, Click to Download the WFE Letter (PDF 240k). An excerpt:
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Also as regards issuers, on the point of their disclosure of financial information, WFE has long held a strongly favourable position on IFRSs. Throughout the 1990s, the Federation's precursor institution (FIBV) and several exchange leaders were actively involved in the work of the International Accounting Standards Board. Simply stated, exchanges have an interest in having clear and more explicitly comparable financial information produced for the world's capital markets by the issuers of securities. At the General Assembly of members in October 2000, the FIBV voted a resolution in support of the development and implementation of what has become IFRS. The quality of financial information is a critical component of investor protection.
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25 June 2007: Proposed alternative market in Spain would require IFRSs
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The Spanish Stock Exchange (Bolsas y Mercados Españoles or BME) is in process of forming a new 'alternative market' for growth companies known as Mercado Alternativo Bursatil (MAB). The MAB would be a market for 'low-capitalisation companies in search of growth opportunities'. To list on the MAB, candidate companies would be required to publish audited IFRS financial statements. Similar markets exist elsewhere in Europe, including France, Germany, Austria, and United Kingdom. |
24 June 2007: Some concern about the SEC's reconciliation proposal
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In a joint press release, two leaders of the committee within the European Parliament that has responsibility for oversight of accounting matters have expressed some concern about the way the SEC has proposed to eliminate the required reconciliation to US GAAP for foreign registrants that use IFRSs. They want to "ensure that the role legislators play in international accounting standard setting is not undermined.". Click to Download the Press Release (PDF 72k).
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24 June 2007: Agenda project pages updated
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We have updated the following agenda project pages to reflect discussions and decisions at the June 2007 meeting of the International Accounting Standards Board: |
24 June 2007: IFRSs will enhance shareholder value
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Paul Pacter, a Director in Deloitte's IFRS Global Office and webmaster of www.iasplus.com made a presentation on IFRS Convergence Will Enhance Shareholder Value at the Annual Conference of the ACCA in Hong Kong on 23 June 2007. He discussed: |
- Why global accounting standards are needed.
- How they enhance shareholder value.
- Use of IFRSs around the world.
- IASB's Current Agenda and Work Plan, including convergence of IFRSs and US GAAP.
- Convergence of Chinese GAAP and IFRSs.
Click to Download Paul's Presentation (PDF 195k).
23 June 2007: Notes from days 3 and 4 of the IASB June 2007 meeting
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The International Accounting Standards Board held its June 2007 meeting at its offices, 30 Cannon Street, London, on Tuesday through Friday 19-22 June 2007. Click here to go to the preliminary and unofficial Notes Taken by Deloitte Observers at the meeting. Among other things, the Board approved Interpretations on Customer Loyalty Programmes and on the Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset.
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22 June 2007: Near-final draft of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements
The near-final draft of a forthcoming revisions to International Accounting Standard IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements has been posted to the secure eIFRS Online Subscriber Area of the IASB's website. These revisions to IAS 1 are the result of Phase A of the IASB's financial statement presentation project, for which an exposure draft was issued on 16 March 2006. Click here for our Project Page.
21 June 2007: SEC proposes to drop reconciliation for IFRS registrants
On 20 June 2007, the US Securities and Exchange Commission agreed to issue a 'proposing release' that would eliminate the requirement to reconcile financial statements to US GAAP if the financial statements are in full compliance with the English language version International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as published by the International Accounting Standards Board. This proposed approach would give foreign private issuers a choice of using IFRSs without reconciliation, US GAAP, or their local GAAP reconciled to US GAAP in preparing financial statements that are filed with the SEC either in a registration statement or an annual report. The changes would apply starting with their 2008 annual reports, which would be filed in 2009. The release is expected to be posted within the next week or so and will have a 75-day comment period. Michael D Coco, Special Counsel in the SEC's Office of International Corporate Finance, outlined the proposal to the Commission. Click to Download Mr Coco's Remarks (PDF 37k). Also, the SEC is expected to issue during the next several months a 'concept release' targeted at US domestic issuers. That release will invite comments on whether US issuers should be permitted to use IFRSs in preparing their financial statements. On the basis of the feedback it receives, the Commission will consider whether to issue a proposing release changing the requirements for domestic companies. That release could come in 2008 or 2009.
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In a Press Release (PDF 43k), Sir David Tweedie, IASB chairman, commented on the importance of the SEC decision:
The SEC's proposal shows its recognition of the tangible benefits of a single set of financial reporting standards used in the world's integrating capital markets and the relevance of the continuing IASB-FASB convergence process to the economies of the US and the rest of the world. If approved, the rule will eventually reduce significantly the barriers to capital flows between countries using full IFRSs and the United States. We appreciate the SEC's continued support of our work. Our ultimate aim at the IASB is to have a single set of accounting standards used worldwide. The SEC's proposal is an important step in achieving that goal, but much work remains to be done.
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21 June 2007: Notes from day 2 of the IASB June 2007 meeting
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The International Accounting Standards Board held its June 2007 meeting at its offices, 30 Cannon Street, London, on Tuesday through Friday 19-22 June 2007. Click here to go to the preliminary and unofficial Notes Taken by Deloitte Observers at the meeting. Among other things, the Board approved Interpretations on:
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21 June 2007: SEC Chairman's remarks on globalisation and IFRSs
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US SEC Chairman Christopher Cox recently addressed a meeting of the New York Society of Security Analysts. His remarks focused on globalisation of the world's securities markets, the need for IFRSs, and how XBRL can contribute to development of global accounting standards. Click to Download Chairman Cox's Remarks (PDF 22k). Here is an excerpt: |
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The need for fast, reliable, high quality, and affordable information to make the right investment choices has never been more urgent. Your vocation has given you the responsibility to help America's investors meet that need - and to help you in your work, interactive data is on the way. Of course, you're not the only beneficiaries. Investors - retail and professional alike - and financial journalists will benefit as well. Not only that, but through its ability to improve the quality and accuracy of information, interactive data will improve the accuracy of financial statements, improve audit quality, and drive down issuer costs. It also helps address concerns about accounting complexity, through its potential to accelerate the development of a set of truly global accounting standards.
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20 June 2007: Notes from day 1 of the IASB June 2007 meeting
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The International Accounting Standards Board held its June 2007 meeting at its offices, 30 Cannon Street, London, on Tuesday through Friday 19-22 June 2007. Click here to go to the preliminary and unofficial Notes Taken by Deloitte Observers at the meeting. Among other things, the Board approved Interpretations on Customer Loyalty Programmes and on the Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset.
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20 June 2007: CEBS plans for maintaining guidelines based on IFRSs
In our News Story of 22 April 2007, we reported that the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) invited comments on proposed amendments to its Financial Reporting Guidelines (FINREP) (PDF 381k). Those Guidelines are used by European banks in preparing their supervisory reports based on IFRSs. The CEBS has recently published an Updated Report to the EU Financial Services Committee (FSC) (PDF 1,107k)
indicating that CEBS does not plan to add any major new reporting guides "in the next several years". However CEBS plans to update the guidelines annually, as necessary, to reflect changes to IFRSs.
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In response to the industry's request, no major new requirements are planned in the next few years, in order to avoid undue
repetitive implementation costs (although CEBS will keep the FINREP framework up to date with changes on IFRS/IAS, so that
institutions do not have to use two frameworks: one that is IFRS compliant, and the other that is not. As a rule of thumb, these types of changes will be made on an annual basis).
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20 June 2007: Global convergence with International Standards on Auditing
At the recent Mexico City Conference on Accounting and Auditing in Latin America, John Kellas, Chairman of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board spoke about Convergence with International Standards on Auditing. While his remarks focused on auditing standards, they have equal relevance in the context of global accounting standards. Regarding adoption versus convergence, Mr Kellas argued strongly for the direct adoption by a national standard setter of ISAs, or working towards adopting these standards. "For the vast majority of countries, adoption is the most sensible strategy: Adoption has all the advantages of convergence; all countries may contribute to the standard setting process and IAASB has no domination by any one jurisdiction; and it is the fastest way to eliminate or minimise differences." Mr Kellas presented a list of attributes of high quality auditing standards that apply equally to accounting standards: |
High-quality standards are:
- Clear
- Not capable of different interpretations
- Capable of translation
- Enforceable
- Designed to achieve a high-quality audit
- 'Jurisdictionally neutral'
- Strike a balance between principles and rules
- Subject to due process
- Subject to public oversight
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Click to Download Mr Kellas's Presentation (ZIP 481k). The ZIP file contains both the text of his remarks (Word DOC) and his presentation slides (PowerPoint PPT).
20 June 2007: IASB begins field testing of SME Exposure Draft
The IASB has launched a comprehensive programme for field testing the proposals in the Exposure Draft of an IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) during the comment period. The testing will help to identify aspects of the exposure draft that may need reconsideration. Companies taking part in the field test are asked to provide background information about the company, submit their most recent annual financial statements under their existing accounting framework, prepare financial statements in accordance with the proposed IFRS for SMEs for the same financial year, and respond to a series of questions designed to identify any specific problems the company encountered in applying the exposure draft.
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The IASB has published a Field Test Questionnaire and related Compliance Checklist for the proposed IFRS for SMEs. This checklist identifies all of the accounting recognition and measurement requirements in the Exposure Draft. It is intended to allow users of the draft IFRS for SMEs to pinpoint quickly those sections and paragraphs that are directly relevant to them. The Questionnaire is currently available in English and will also be available in Spanish and French in a few days. The IASB has established a separate email address for the SME field test correspondence: smefieldtests@iasb.org.
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The IASB, in c-operation with national and international organisations around the globe, is identifying field test companies and will assist them in applying the requirements proposed in the exposure draft and in responding to the field test questionnaire. Field testers are asked to provide their information by 31 October 2007.
Click for:
20 June 2007: Special newsletter on insurance Discussion Paper
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Deloitte's IFRS Global Office has published a special edition of our IAS Plus Newsletter titled
Phase II of IFRS for Insurance Contracts IASB Discussion Paper (PDF 1,282k). On 3 May 2007, the IASB released for comment a Discussion Paper on accounting for insurance and reinsurance contracts (the DP). This is the second phase of the insurance contracts project which in 2005 introduced IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. The proposals set out in the DP would introduce fundamental changes to insurance accounting and focus on market-consistent measurement of insurance liabilities. This will affect the way investors, regulators, and other stakeholders assess the insurance industry. This special edition of our IAS Plus newsletter, prepared by insurance specialists, summarises and comments on the measurement issues raised in the DP.
You will find all Past IAS Plus Newsletters Here. You can sign up for Free Subscription by Email.
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19 June 2007: IASC Foundation conference 29-30 August in Singapore
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The IASC Foundation, under which the IASB operates, has organised its annual IFRS Conference on Wednesday 29 August 2007 and Thursday 30 August 2007 at the Grand Hyatt Hotel in Singapore. IASB Chairman Sir David Tweedie will chair the conference. On Wednesday afternoon, speakers will discuss IFRS financial statements from the perspectives of financial analysts, preparers, and regulators. Thursday's session will include a comprehensive technical update on IASB and IFRIC activities from three members of the IASB, plus technical breakout sessions. Considerable time is allowed on both days for audience comments and questions. Also,on Wednesday morning 29 August there will be five intensive half-day special-interest workshops for which conference participants can sign up. These will cover: |
- IFRIC Update
- Insurance Contracts
- IFRS for SMEs
- IFRSs Teaching and Research
- US Market Update
Click to download Conference Brochure (PDF 1,136k). We have put a link to the conference website at the top of the right side column of this home page.
18 June 2007: IFRSs help improve bank regulation in Europe
In its 2006 annual report, the Committee of European Banking Supervisors acknowledges that "the adoption of the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD) in June 2006, together with the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), provides CEBS with a unique window of opportunity to promote greater consistency in supervisory approaches across the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA)." The CRD implements the Basel II capital adequacy framework in the European
Union (EU). The new framework harmonises capital requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and encourages them to improve their risk management processes. Click to download 2006 CEBS Annual Report (PDF 1,903k).
18 June 2007: IOSCO roundtable examines quality of audits
At a 1 June 2007 Roundtable on the Quality of Public Company Audits sponsored by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) in Paris, securities regulators for the world's capital markets considered the current quality of audit services and how to make audits more effective. Participants in the Roundtable included representatives from the financial analyst and investor
community, regulators, public companies, and audit firms. Click for Media Release (PDF 38k).
18 June 2007: Interim reporting compliance checklist for 2007
Our Model IFRS Financial Statements and Compliance Checklists Page has links to a wide range of Deloitte illustrative financial statements and related presentation, disclosure, and compliance checklists for IFRSs. We have added to that page an IAS 34 compliance checklist as of 31 May 2007. The checklist is formatted to allow the recording of a review of interim financial statements, with a place to indicate yes/no/not-applicable for each item.
We have begun working on our model IFRS annual financial statements for 2007. Our plan is to release them publicly in October 2007.
18 June 2007: IFAC PIOB's second annual report
IFAC's Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB) has issued its second public report. The PIOB was established in February 2005 to oversee IFAC's auditing and assurance, ethics, and education standard-setting activities as well as its Member Body Compliance Program. The Compliance Program is designed to encourage member bodies to adopt international standards, including IFRSs, and to implement quality assurance and investigation and discipline programs. The report gives detailed information about the actions and decisions taken during this past year and the PIOB's increasing focus on visibility and two-way communication with other key stakeholders in its mission. Finally, the PIOB has set out its further views on the nature of the international public interest. A Monitoring Group comprised of international financial regulators oversees the work of the PIOB. Click to download the Second Public PIOB Report (PDF 6,040k).
16 June 2007: EITF Snapshot for June 2007
We have posted the latest edition of EITF Snapshot (PDF 86k) summarising the 14 June 2007 meeting of FASB's Emerging Issues Task Force. EITF Snapshot, published by Deloitte & Touche LLP (USA), enables readers to identify relevant topics and to understand quickly the meeting's outcome. Past issues can be downloaded Here.
16 June 2007: Conference on accounting and auditing in Latin America day 3
The World Bank, the International Federation of Accountants, and the Interamerican Development Bank are jointly sponsoring a conference on Accounting and Accountability for Regional Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. The conference is being held in Mexico City on 13-15 June 2007. About 500 people are participating. Presented below are notes taken by Deloitte observers at the third and final day of the conference.
Conference on Accounting and Accountability for Regional Economic Growth
Mexico City Notes from 15 June 2007
How other regions of the world tackle the challenges of financial accountability
The final plenary session of the conference was a panel whose members discussed the experience of implementing financial accountability reforms in the European Union, South-eastern Europe, and Africa. The panel discussed the various approaches used and noted their advantages and disadvantages. This provided useful context to the 'next stage' of financial reporting developments in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Juan Arteagoitia (European Commission, Internal Markets DG) explained the reform of the 8th European Directive on Company Law with respect to auditing and a related directive on corporate governance. He noted the main features of the reformed Directive, including the mandated use of International Standards on Auditing (subject to Endorsement under a system similar to that for IFRS). Also included are auditor independence standards, based on IFAC requirements and the requirement that the audit committee monitor and report on the effectiveness of internal control. The reformed Directive also addresses auditor qualification and the approval of auditors who qualified in jurisdictions outside the EU. The EU's reforms provide an example of how a developed economy addressed the challenges of changing international standards.
Eric van der Plaats (World Bank) spoke of the experiences of South-eastern Europe in developing a regional approach to accountancy development. Financial reporting reform is seen as an essential building block in regional economic growth. The work is being undertaken by the World Bank's REPARIS agency, which has an objective of building a sound financial reporting system that serves the economy as a whole. REPARIS uses the Bank's ROSC assessments as the basis for developing tailored action plans. It is hoped that a coordinated effort across national boundaries can be taken to resolve common issues, such as adoption of IFRSs and ISAs, tax accounting, SME reporting, prudential reporting and the need for accounting and auditing capacity throughout the region.
Ignatius Sehoole (Chairman, Developing Nations Committee, IFAC) shared with participants the outcomes of a regional accounting conference held in Nairobi in September 2006. That conference highlighted the needs of SMEs and SMPs, in particular the access to standards; translation and implementation guidance; the need for a fundamental change of behaviour to counter corruption and strengthen professional ethics; education of the accounting profession, especially through shared curricula and expertise; building an accounting profession in each jurisdiction, with a focus on the public and private sector-not only at the CA/CPA level but also at the accounting technician level; and high-quality corporate governance. The conference stressed the need to strengthen regional cooperation as a way to achieve its objectives.
Aziz Dieye (Developing Nations Committee, IFAC) spoke of the experience of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), which was formed in 1994 and whose monetary union pre-dates the Euro. The union had succeeded because it was based on economic reality, whereas previous politically-inspired unions had failed. UEMOA seeks to build African unity through regional integration, including a common currency and a shared legal framework for financial reporting. However, even though UEMOA had enjoyed some success, its 'Treaty structure' meant that it could not respond quickly to changes in the international financial reporting environment, such as the changes in corporate governance, accounting and auditing standards since 2001. What was needed was a more flexible methodology that allowed for rapid change.
Closing addresses
Luis Morion Llosa (Chairman Mexican Institute of CPAs) thanked the participants for their contributions over the past several days and expressed the hope that this conference would be the first of many such meetings. He reiterated that the theme of the conference, accounting and accountability for regional economic growth, was a shared interest for all of Latin America and the Caribbean and urged the region to use the discussions at the conference as a springboard to action.
Ian Ball (IFAC Chief Executive) noted that the meeting was a major collaborative event, involving the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and IFAC. He saw this as a suitable metaphor for the desire to work together to achieve sustainable growth through enhanced financial reporting and corporate governance in the region.
Regional standard-setters meeting
Immediately after the close of the conference, accounting standard setters from the Latin American and Caribbean region met to discuss a range of issues, including:
- Status of adoption of IFRSs in various jurisdictions, and experiences of those jurisdictions
- Adoption of IFRSs, adoption of 'IFRS equivalents', adaptation of IFRSs for local reasons
- The proposed IFRS for SMEs
- Translation of IFRSs
- Involvement of regional standard setters in the IASB's due process
Scroll down for notes from Days 1 and 2
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15 June 2007: Near-final draft of pension asset ceiling Interpretation
The near-final draft of a forthcoming IFRIC Interpretation IAS 19The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction has been posted to the secure eIFRS Online Subscriber Area of the IASB's website. The draft Interpretation is on the IASB's June 2007 meeting agenda for ratification. Click here for our Project Page.
15 June 2007: Conference on accounting and auditing in Latin America day 2
The World Bank, the International Federation of Accountants, and the Interamerican Development Bank are jointly sponsoring a conference on Accounting and Accountability for Regional Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. The conference is being held in Mexico City on 13-15 June 2007. About 500 people are participating. Presented below are notes taken by Deloitte observers at the second day of the conference.
Conference on Accounting and Accountability for Regional Economic Growth
Mexico City Notes from 14 June 2007
Higher credibility through better standards
Stavros Thomadakis (Chairman, IFAC Public Interest Oversight Board) delivered a keynote address and spoke of the institutional responses to high-profile failures in the financial reporting system. IFAC, representing the accounting profession, had adopted new models of operation and oversight which recognised the crucial role of public involvement and scrutiny. Those changes had at their core recognition of public interest in the accounting profession, and its standards.
Dr Thomadakis noted that the restructuring of the IASB was a bold example of responding to public interest in accounting standard setting. The adoption of IFRS for use by publicly-listed entities in the European Union and elsewhere, together with the ongoing convergence projects with US GAAP demonstrated the increased credibility that international accounting standards had gained by disconnecting accounting standard-setting from the accounting profession. Even if true convergence with US GAAP and other accounting systems is not achieved in the short term, convergence over the long term will happen: the overriding need for comparability will drive the process.
The lessons of the IASB were used by IFAC when it reorganised its activities. The PIOB was instituted in 2005 and represented a shift to involve outsiders, and to provide specific opportunities and mechanisms for consultations with outside experts. This had led to increased confidence in IFAC's standards, including International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), the IFAC Code of Ethics, Public Sector Standards, and the Standards of Accounting Education.
In both the IASB and IFAC, confidence in the standard-setting process had been enhanced by having a transparent appointment process, attracting high-quality candidates with varied backgrounds and experience. All the standard-setting activities carried on by the IASB and IFAC boards follow a rigorous, open due process that encouraged involvement and input by all constituent groups. As such, both institutions had shown a clear willingness to change and to be true to their stated ambition of serving the public interest.
Strengthening the role of the accounting profession
There followed a series of presentations, each addressing aspects of efforts to strengthen and increase public confidence in the accounting profession.
John Kellas (Chairman, International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board) spoke of the challenges of convergence of international standards. The IAASB is convinced that adoption of international standards is preferable to convergence. Adoption is seen as more realistic than convergence for most jurisdictions; it is sensible; it allows for all jurisdictions to participate in the development of the standards; and it is the fastest way of achieving the desired goal. He acknowledged that not all jurisdictions will be starting from the same point: established economies may face cultural and philosophical challenges; developing and transition economies face capacity challenges the ability to cope with the change in the financial reporting architecture.
IFAC is helping its members to meet these challenges, in cooperation with national standard-setters. It is committed to developing high-quality standards that are jurisdiction-neutral, enabling all jurisdictions to adopt them. IFAC's activities go beyond auditing standards; the successful implementation of ISAs is supported by international quality control standards; the IFAC Code of Ethics for Accountants; implementation guidance; training and education and monitoring and enforcement.
Anthony Hegarty (World Bank) addressed the challenges faced by the accounting profession in developing nations. He noted the role of the accounting profession in the global fight against poverty and stressed that good governance both in the public and private sectors was vital to economic growth. The World Bank had established a governance and anti-corruption (GAC) strategy, which seeks improved financial management of Bank aid at global, jurisdicitonal, and project level. As part of the GAC strategy, the Bank had undertaken a series of jurisdictional financial accountability assessments, as a result of which it had identified a number of cross-cutting issues, the most significant of which was weak capacity in many countries.
The World Bank works with recipient countries to overcome these structural challenges. However, it realises that, to be effective, any action plan must be owned by the jurisdiction concerned; it must be tailored specifically to the needs of that jurisdiction; it must have a comprehensive and realistic implementation programme; and it must have the support of donor agencies. He concluded by noting that the increased funding promised by the world's developed nations as part of the Millennium Development Goals must be matched by improved governance and financial management in the recipient jurisdictions.
Russell Guthrie (IFAC) introduced IFAC's initiatives to strengthen the accounting profession, in particular the Member Body Compliance Programme. The programme was part of the Statement of Membership Obligations and was based on a core principle of encouragement and improvement. The programme requires a local commitment to the membership obligations; encourages constant communication between Member Bodies and IFAC; and requires demonstrable progress to be made (although the timeline may be over many years). Failure to meet the membership obligations can (and has) result in suspension or revocation of IFAC membership.
In addition, Mr Guthrie outlined the significant work undertaken by the Developing Nations Committee (DNC), which helps Member Bodies to meet their action plans. The DNC has developed a large range of materials designed for the profession in developing nations.
Luis Moiron Llosa (President, Mexican Institute of PAs) spoke of the need for the accounting profession to raise its profile outside the public accounting sphere and be recognised as an integral part of the educational, government, and business sectors. In particular, there was a need to be more active and contribute positively to the SME and SMP areas, which are main drivers for growth in Latin America.
Break-out session Ensuring government accountability: the role of the supreme audit institution
A panel consisting of representatives of Supreme Audit Institutions from Brazil, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Peru, and Tanzania addressed aspects of ensuring government accountability. Through their responsibility for the external audit of governments, supreme audit institutions have become important collaborators in governance; helping to prevent fraud, money laundering and other forms of corruption. In some jurisdictions, there is a dynamic relationship between the auditor and the legislature. Supreme audit institutions are also contributing to increasing the professional capacity throughout Latin America and the Caribbean and highlighting the role of the IFAC Code of Ethics in their regions.
There is increased cooperation between the region and supreme audit institutions more experienced in using modern standards-such as Canada and the United Kingdom. Some of this involves seconding staff to Canada or the UK (and other developed nations), but there is also a growing awareness of the need for peer review of supreme audit institutions, so that international best practices are used by all SAIs in the region.
Creating an enabling environment for growth and development: the role of government
The second plenary session of the day examined the role of government.
Stephanie Fox (Technical Director, IPSASB) introduced the work and current focus of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board. The IPSASB recognises that government financial reporting is important because fiscal responsibility is critical in a democratic society. Taxpayers are entitled to high-quality financial reporting: governments are accountable to their citizens; but governments also need timely and accurate financial information to manage their resources.
The current IPSASB agenda includes four strategic themes: a public sector conceptual framework, based as far as possible on that being developed by the IASB; IFRS convergence wherever these do not conflict with public sector-specific requirements; public sector-specific issues, such as convergence with statistical basis of accounting; and promotion and communication.
IPSASs are becoming more widely accepted as the benchmark for government general purpose financial reporting. Successful implementation of these standards is, however, dependent on acceptance by governments for the need to implement IPSASs, a strong external audit and the political will in the jurisdiction. Implementation requires adequate planning, and mentoring by more developed jurisdictions is very helpful.
Joao Batista Fraga (Brazil) examined the importance of enforcement for reliable corporate governance. Using the Brazilian Novo Mercado as an example, he demonstrated how a private-sector initiative had enabled a vibrant exchange to grow and attract significant foreign investment. The Novo Mercado has resulted in a cultural change in companies through adopting high-quality corporate governance practices.
Hector Dominguez (Argentina) explained that an effective external audit was an essential component of the supervision of financial institutions in Argentina. The external audit complements the work of the central bank. Independence is ensured through mandatory audit rotation after five years.
Ernesto Jeger (DFID, Brazil) demonstrated how governments and development partners can work together effectively to achieve results. Using the example of Brazil, he highlighted how a coherent and coordinated approach resulted in a stronger supreme audit institution structure at all levels of government in Brazil federal, state, and municipal.
Break-out session Accounting in regulated sectors: reconciling prudential and financial reporting
A panel of financial institution supervisors from Brazil, Germany, Mexico, and Spain addressed the challenges faced by prudential supervisors and regulators when the general purpose financial statements of a financial institution are prepared using IFRS, which might differ from the accounting practices used for prudential supervision. There was acknowledgement that general purpose financial statements are not usually appropriate for supervisory purposes. However, maintaining two sets of accounting records one for IFRS and the other for the regulator-was inefficient. The most likely approach, at least for the moment, would be some kind of 'IFRS reconciled to prudential basis' reporting.
Panelists shared their experiences and noted that convergence at a regulatory level was happening. Basel II was an example of regulatory convergence in the banking sector; the insurance sector is less well advanced but is making progress through the International Association of Insurance Supervisors.
Asked by the moderator what were the most significant differences for recognition and measurement, panelists noted reserve valuation and the mismatch between assets and insurance liabilities (for insurance entities); and the reliability of fair value, demand deposit 'intangibles', and hybrid financial instruments (for banks).
Scroll down for Day 1 notes
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14 June 2007: US SEC will discuss eliminating reconciliation next week
At its regular open meeting on Wednesday, 20 June 2007, the US Securities and Exchange Commission will consider whether to propose amendments to Form 20-F, Rules 3-10 and 4-01 of Regulation S-X, Forms F-4 and S-4, and Rule 701 under the Securities Act, to accept financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as published by the International Accounting Standards Board without reconciliation to generally accepted accounting principles as used in the United States when contained in the filings of foreign private issuers with the Commission. Click for SEC Meeting Notice (PDF 29k).
14 June 2007: Symposium on convergence in Korea
The Korea Accounting Standards Board (KASB) held a symposium on Present and Future of Convergence between US GAAP and IFRSs on Thursday 7 June 2007 in Seoul. Robert H Herz, Chairman of the US Financial Accounting Standards Board, was the keynote speaker. He presented a background on the US financial reporting system, offered a US perspective on FASB international convergence, and commented on the 'principles versus rules' debate. Click to download:
14 June 2007: Conference on accounting and auditing in Latin America day 1
The World Bank, the International Federation of Accountants, and the Interamerican Development Bank are jointly sponsoring a conference on Accounting and Accountability for Regional Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. The conference is being held in Mexico City on 13-15 June 2007. About 500 people are participating. The main purpose of the event is to create greater awareness of the importance of sound financial reporting and auditing to the development of a well-functioning market economy and of an efficient public sector. Presented below are notes taken by Deloitte observers at the first day of the conference.
Conference on Accounting and Accountability for Regional Economic Growth
Mexico City Notes from 13 June 2007
Official Welcomes
Delegates were welcomed by the Vice-Minister of Finance, Mexico, who noted that transparency and accountability were essential for economic growth throughout the Latin American region. These ingredients were essential not only for the private sector but the public sector as well. In the public sector, governments are more than ever being held responsible for the most efficient use of their resources; there are high levels of accountability and responsibility in budgeting and the objective assessment of government programmes. As such, it is in everyone's best interests to support the work of convergence in the financial reporting supply chain's standards: accounting, auditing, corporate governance, ethics, and education.
Pamela Cox (Regional Vice-President, Latin America and Caribbean, World Bank) also highlighted cost of capital issues, noting that as governments become more transparent in their fiscal matters, the cost of sovereign debt should decrease. If a government's credit rating is high, it can borrow more efficiently, need to raise less money through domestic taxation and generally release other forms of finance to the private sector. As such, it is in everyone's best interests to contribute to the effective use of resources and delivery of goods and services.
Carlos Hurtado (Vice-President, Finance and Administration, Inter-American Development Bank) welcomed the conference as a first step in greater cooperation in the region. He noted that accounting loses its relevance if it is not accompanied by accountability.
IFAC President's remarks: Financial reporting and the professional accountant
Fermin del Valle (IFAC President and a partner in Deloitte (Argentina)), noted that there was no reason why Latin America and the Caribbean could not have as high quality financial reporting as other areas in the world. He reviewed the recent efforts of IFAC to strengthen the accounting profession's position of trust in the world's financial markets (such as its work on improving auditing standards, accounting education and the IFAC Code of Ethics).
He stressed the importance of the local standard-setter in ensuring the success of international standards, especially IFRS, globally. Local jurisdictions should 'adopt' and not 'adapt' international standards. Adaptation is expensive and frustrates convergence; it incurs higher costs with fewer benefits to those who use the standards.
The role of national standard-setters is changing. In future it should concentrate on ensuring involvement in the development of standards by participating in the due process; and in ensuring proper implementation of those standards. This is not ceding sovereignty: it is engaging with other jurisdictions on an equal footing. A key role is in ensuring that institutional barriers to implementation are removed or mitigated. Such barriers include conflicts between international standards and national laws.
He stressed the special needs of small and medium-sized entities. IFAC welcomed the IASB's Exposure Draft and supported its aims. It was helping the IASB to engage with constituents around the world. All participants were encouraged to respond to the IASB's proposals.
The IFAC president also noted the progress being made by IFAC on auditing standards; public sector accounting standards-bringing an increased level of transparency to the financial reports of central government; to audit quality; to accounting education; and confidence in the auditing profession as a whole through the enhanced Code of Ethics and the IFAC compliance programme. He noted that IFAC is working to avoid duplication in the regulation of the accounting profession, but noted that regional cooperation is vital to the success of IFAC's work.
The role of governance: a corporate perspective
Roberto Truque (CFO, Atlas Electrica Group, Costa Rica) spoke effectively about how implementing IFRSs and an enhanced corporate governance structure in the Atlas Electrica Group had lowered the company's cost of capital. Its reforms had included a code of ethics for directors, management and employees; truly independent board members and an independent audit committee that oversaw both internal and external audit matters. In financial reporting, Atlas not only complied with all the requirements of the securities regulations, but was working with users and analysts to establish best practices for additional voluntary disclosures.
He noted that the implementation of the changes was costly, but the benefits far outweighed these costs. Atlas was now able to borrow money as better rates without additional security; and it had higher credibility with shareholders, analysts and other stakeholders.
The impact of globalisation on financial reporting practices
Jan Engstrom (IASB Board Member) spoke of the IASB's vision of one set of global accounting standards for use in global capital markets. Noting that the world is getting smaller, he noted that cross-border investments in the US markets had increased 10-15 percent over the past ten years. About 50 percent of the world's capital markets were using IFRS or moving to do so, and he noted the forthcoming developments expected in the US. He reviewed the current IASB agenda and highlighted the SME ED and the more recent Discussion Paper on Insurance Contracts.
Henri Fortin (World Bank) spoke about the lessons learned from the World Bank's Reports on Observation of Standards and Codes (ROSC) assessments in Latin America and the Caribbean. He reviewed the Bank's objectives in undertaking the ROSC assessments, noting especially that they were part of the Bank's programme to ensure financial stability. With respect to accounting and auditing, the ROSC assessments highlighted that there is a jigsaw puzzle that included the education and training of the accounting profession; laws and regulations in the jurisdiction; the accounting and auditing profession; and enforcement. For implementation to succeed, a holistic approach was needed that was gradual and properly sequenced and had appropriate human resources. Effective transition to international standards needed the involvement of both government sectors and the private sector. With respect to SMEs, he noted that there was recognition that SMEs should not be subjected to an unnecessary degree of accountability and compliance.
Jose Justiniano (Multilateral Investment Fund) spoke of the MIF's experience in assisting with the implementation of IFRS and ISA in Latin America. He noted that the implementation has taken longer and was more complex than expected. Reasons for this included a lack of awareness of standards by accountants; a lack of appropriately qualified people to assist with the implementation; structural and cultural barriers to adopting IFRS and ISA; and a lack of internal institutional strength.
William Biese (Deloitte, Mexico) highlighted the progress towards adopting IFRS in Latin America. At present, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Mexico and Uruguay all prohibit IFRS. Brazil is working to complete adoption by 2010, Columbia is developing a similar plan. Several other countries in the region either require or permit the use of IFRS. Noting the potential removal of the IFRS/ US GAAP reconciliation requirement, he stressed the need for adoption of IFRS as a significant benefit to private sector companies. IFRSs were the only credible alternative to local GAAP and US GAAP.
IASB's SME project
Paul Pacter (the IASB's Director of Standards for SMEs) introduced the IASB's ED of IFRS for SMEs, in advance of a detailed discussion in a break-out session later in the day. He noted that the ED should raise the standard of SME financial reporting significantly in many regional countries while and that would be a major achievement. He explained the general philosophy behind the IASB's proposals and how the Board went about making the choices it had. In particular, he stressed the 'general purpose financial statement' perspective that had been adopted and the presumption that an SME lacked 'public accountability'. He explained that in developing the proposed standard the Board made five kinds of changes to the principles in full IFRSs: eliminate topics not relevant to SMEs; where full IFRSs allow accounting policy choices, include in the IFRS for SMEs only the simpler option; recognition and measurement simplifications; disclosure reductions; and redrafting in plain English. He noted that the ED has been published in Spanish, French, and German, in addition to English a first for the IASB, and that the Board is about to launch a programme to field test the ED.
Break-out sessions Challenges in and benefits of adopting IFRSs
The conference broke into three groups, one dedicated to SMEs, another to financial reporting in the public sector and a third on adopting and implementing IFRS. Your correspondent attended the last session.
Hector Alfonso (World Bank) noted that accounting standards are an integral part of the financial architecture and that the world needed a common language. Quality financial information would lead to sustainable economic growth. Although each jurisdiciton in Latin America was distinct and some had made more and better progress than others the success of adopting IFRS depended on all jurisdictions agreeing on the benefit of adopting IFRS. How each jurisdiction got to the goal was less important. However, it was important to recognise the challenges faced by all. These were structural, economic, emotional, and political. However, all could be overcome and the whole economy would reap the benefits.
Roberto Truque (Costa Rica) explained the Costa Rican experience of transitioning to IFRS. Prior to 2001, Costa Rica used a mixture of local, Mexican, and US GAAP. He called it 'Goucho Marx GAAP' after the comedian who once said "Here are my principles and if you don't like them I have others". Since 2001, Costa Rica has implemented IFRS and companies have seen a decrease in their cost of capital (see above). The transition was expensive and complex, but the benefits in terms of higher-quality financial reporting and increased credibility in the market were unmistakable. One of the major challenges that had been resolved was disconnecting financial reporting and corporate taxation.
Lucia Canales (Chile) spoke about the move to adopt IFRS in Chile by 2009. She noted that the high cost of transition is the principle challenge being faced, but that most companies have made or are making their transition plans. She noted that there were also considerable challenges for regulators.
Felipe Cervantes Perez (Mexico) spoke about Mexico's approach to convergence. As a founder member of the IASC, Mexico did not want to adopt US GAAP. However, because of the disparate nature of Mexican standard-setting (there are at least four bodies entitled to issue accounting standards), Mexico had decided on a longer-term convergence strategy rather than a point-in-time change-over. This should allow convergence over all sectors: banking, insurance and general corporate entities. Challenges being faced included translation of accounting and auditing materials; and re-training the profession. However, the benefits were seen to outweigh these: higher-quality financial reporting; long-term cost reduction; and increased comparability. Convergence was expensive and time-consuming, but it was worth doing properly.
Jose Barrios (Panama) noted that IFRS were more responsive than US or local GAAP in some areas, especially some specialised assets. Using IFRS would enable a company such as the Panama Canal Company to reflect the economic capacity of their assets in a manner not possible under US GAAP and thus obtain a more realistic credit rating for the forthcoming expansion of the Panama Canal.
Emerging global standards and the role of national regulators
Patricio Bustamante (National Banking and Securities Commission, Mexico) noted the movement to adopt international standards in the wake of Mexico's economic collapse in 1994. These standards had included IASs/IFRSs and ISAs and, more recently, increased auditor oversight. He detailed several reforms that were intended to align Mexican securities enforcement and auditor oversight with similar requirements such as those in the US, such as the standards of the PCAOB and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Accounting Education
Two speakers outlined challenges being felt in Latin America as a result of the rapid changes in accounting and auditing and the responses to these developments. In addition, a third speaker noted the profession's own continuing professional development and education requirements imposed by IFAC educational standard IES-7. Continuing professional development was seen as critical to maintaining public trust in the profession and its ability to react sensibly to a changing environment.
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13 June 2007: IFAC standards for accountants in business
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The Professional Accountants in Business Committee of the International Federation of Accountants has released the following documents: |
- An exposure draft of the Preface to IFAC's International Management Accounting Statements and International Good Practice Guidance, which sets out the objective, scope, and due process of two new types of guidance: International Management Accounting Statements and International Good Practice Guidance. The PAIB Committee seeks input on the approach to representing good practice to professional accountants in business and the proposed document types. Comment deadline is 12 September 2007.
- The first International Good Practice Guidance Defining and Developing an Effective Code of Conduct for Organizations. This guidance will assist professional accountants and their organizations in developing and implementing a code of conduct within a values-based culture.
- An exposure draft of a proposed International Management Accounting Statement titled Project Appraisal Using Discounted Cash Flow. The Statement aims to support professional accountants in business in applying and promoting the use of discounted cash flow and net present value to evaluate investments. Comment deadline is 12 September 2007.
These documents may be downloaded without charge from IFAC's Website. Click for Press Release (PDF 89k).
13 June 2007: New Deloitte Guide to IAS 34
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The Deloitte IFRS Global Office has published the 2007 edition of Interim Financial Reporting: A Guide to IAS 34. IAS 34 prescribes the minimum content for an interim financial report, and the principles for recognition and measurement in financial statements for a financial reporting period shorter than a full financial year. This guide provides an overview of the Standard, application guidance and examples, a model interim financial report, and an IAS 34 compliance checklist. Click to Download the Deloitte Guide to IAS 34 (PDF 531k, June 2007, 60 pages). |
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Contents of the Deloitte Guide to IAS 34 |
- 1. Introduction and scope
- 2. Content of an interim financial report
- 3. Condensed or complete interim financial statements
- 4. Selected explanatory notes
- 5. Accounting policies for interim reporting
- 6. General principles for recognition and measurement
- 7. Applying the recognition and measurement principles
- 8. Impairment of assets
- 9. Measuring interim income tax expense
- 10. Earnings per share
- 11. First-time adoption of IFRSs
- Model interim financial report
- IAS 34 compliance checklist
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12 June 2007: SEC staff presentation on accounting complexity, IFRS initiatives
At a recent conference, James L Kroeker, Deputy Chief Accountant of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, spoke about complexity in financial reporting, the need to use judgement in identifying and applying the principles in accounting standards, and the importance of clear disclosure of the judgements made and the basis for those judgements. He also spoke about the SEC's current initiatives regarding IFRSs. Click to Download Mr Kroeker's Remarks (PDF 59k). Here is an excerpt:
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The third major initiative that I want to briefly highlight is in the area of international financial reporting standards. Just a few short weeks ago the Commission issued a press release announcing the intention to issue a Proposing Release requesting comments on rule changes that would permit the use of IFRS (international accounting standards), as issued by the IASB, in financial reports filed with the SEC by foreign private issuers. In addition, the Commission expects to issue a Concept Release addressing whether US issuers should be provided the same option as their foreign counterparts. That is, the Concept Release will address the issue of whether US issuers should be permitted the option of moving away from US GAAP and applying IFRS. While the idea of allowing the use of international accounting standards is a new one, the impacts on investors, preparers, auditors and others could be significant. The opening up of the US capital markets to IFRS has the potential to shape the future of financial reporting and I encourage each of you to take the opportunity to provide input to the releases. I look forward to reading what I am certain will be many thought provoking and insightful responses.
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11 June 2007: Agenda for IASCF Trustees meeting 2-3 July
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The Trustees of the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation (IASCF), under which the IASB operates, will meet on Monday and Tuesday 2 and 3 July 2007 at the Hotel Intercontinental, Paseo De la Castellana 49, Madrid, Spain. The agenda for the meeting is noted below. |
AGENDA, IASC FOUNDATION TRUSTEES MEETING 2-3 July 2007, Madrid
Monday 2 July 2007 (10:30-16:30h)
- Approval of April Minutes
- Report of the IASB
- Review of IASB Work programme and agenda proposal
- Assessment of progress on MOU
- Other IASB activities
- Report of the SAC Chairman
- Update on Trustee Oversight Matters
- Development of Feedback Statements and Cost-Benefit Analyses
- Framework for Interaction with the IASB
- Other Oversight matters
- Update on Long-Term financing
- XBRL Activities and Development of a new IASC Foundation Structure
Tuesday 3 July 2007 (9:00-10:00h)
- Meeting with 'Publish What You Pay' (PWYP) coalition regarding IFRS 8
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10 June 2007: Specialised industry standards IASB and FASB contrasted
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In his address at the 26th Annual SEC and Financial Reporting Institute Conference at the University of Southern California, FASB Chairman Robert H Herz spoke about Specialised Industry Accounting and Reporting: Too Much of a Good Thing? (PDF 66k). Mr Herz's remarks include an update on many of the joint FASB-IASB projects. Also, he discussed the different approaches to specialised industry standards taken by the FASB and its predecessors in contrast to the IASB. Here is an excerpt: |
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So without judging whether and to what extent having lots of specialized industry accounting and reporting guidance is a good or bad thing, we might ask how we got to this current state in the U.S. For while there is a certain degree of industry specific accounting and reporting guidance in other parts of the world and in IFRS, it is no where as extensive and as differentiated as it is in our country. For example, UK GAAP does not include very much of it, relying instead on broader principles and practices that have evolved, in Australia and New Zealand they have deliberately tried to avoid special accounting for different industries, focusing instead on what they term 'sector neutral' accounting, and while IFRS encompasses some industry specific accounting and disclosures, such as that relating to financial institutions and for agriculture and they are working on accounting for insurance contracts and on accounting for extractive activities (oil and gas and mining), the IASB clearly does not intend to develop U.S. style industry specific guidance; nor do I think they believe that it is generally a good thing.
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10 June 2007: IASB will meet with Analyst Representative Group
Members of the International Accounting Standards Board will meet in public session with the Analyst Representative Group (ARG) on Wednesday 27 June 2007, 09:00h-16:00h at the Board's offices, 30 Cannon Street, London. The ARG meets three times a year with five members of the IASB to provide the views of professional investors on financial reporting issues. Click for Information about the ARG. The agenda for the upcoming meeting includes the following topics:
- Business Combinations
- Leases
- Insurance: Introduction to the Discussion Paper
- Post-employment Benefits
- XBRL
- Financial Instruments: the Due Process Document
9 June 2007: Near-final draft of customer loyalty program Interpretation
The near-final draft of a forthcoming IFRIC Interpretation Customer Loyalty Programmes has been posted to the secure eIFRS Online Subscriber Area of the IASB's website. The draft Interpretation is on the IASB's June 2007 meeting agenda for ratification. Click here for our Project Page.
9 June 2007: Agenda for SAC meeting 25-26 June 2007
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The International Accounting Standards Board will meet with the Standards Advisory Council on Monday and Tuesday, 25 and 26 June 2007, at the Renaissance Chancery Court Hotel, 252 High Holborn, London. Presented below is the agenda for the meeting, which is open to public observation.
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25-26 June 2007, London
Monday 25 June 09:30-15:30
- Opening remarks
- Trustees remarks
- Conceptual Framework - stewardship
- Discussion of IASB work programme and convergence
- Report from IASB Chairman
- Questions from SAC
Tuesday, 26 June 2007 08:30-15:30
- Financial instruments
- Agenda proposals
- Post-employment benefits
- Business combinations
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8 June 2007: IASB June 2007 meeting agenda
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The International Accounting Standards Board will hold its June 2007 meeting at its offices, 30 Cannon Street, London, on Tuesday through Friday 19-22 June 2007. Presented below is the agenda for the meeting. The Board will also meet with the Standards Advisory Council on Monday and Tuesday 25 and 26 June 2007 at the Renaissance Chancery Court Hotel, 252 High Holborn, London.
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19-22 June 2007, London
Tuesday 19 June 2007 (afternoon only)
Wednesday 20 June 2007
- Technical plan
- Post-employment Benefits
- IFRIC Approval of Interpretations:
- IFRIC X Customer Loyalty Programmes
The Board will be asked to ratify an Interpretation of IAS 18 Revenue addressing accounting by entities that grant customer loyalty awards to their customers. The Interpretation was approved by the IFRIC at its May meeting.
- IFRIC X IAS 19 – The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction
The Board will also be asked to ratify an Interpretation of IAS 19 Employee Benefits addressing the limit on the recognition of an asset for a surplus in a defined benefit plan, minimum funding requirements and their interaction.
- Proposed amendments to IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement - Identification of exposures qualifying for hedge accounting
- Conceptual Framework Objectives and Qualitative Characteristics
Thursday 21 June 2007 (afternoon only)
- IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards Cost of an Investment in a Subsidiary
- Joint Ventures
- Annual Improvements Process Discussion of the following issues:
- 1. Should IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements be amended to clarify whether derivatives that are not used for hedging be classified as current or non-current in the balance sheet?
- 2. Should IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment be amended to require that the sale of assets that were previously held for rental be presented on a gross basis in the income statement in certain circumstances?
- 3. Should the apparent inconsistency between IAS 20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance and IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement be amended to clarify whether interest should be imputed to nil or low interest loans received from a government?
- 4. Should IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement be amended to make clear under what circumstances it is appropriate to classify financial instruments into or out of the category of financial asset or financial liability at fair value through profit or loss?
- 5. Should IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement be clarified to explain whether the revised or the original effective interest rate of a debt instrument should be applied in the remeasurement of the instrument's carrying amount on the cessation of fair value hedge accounting?
- 6. Should IAS 41 Agriculture be amended to require a post-tax discount rate to be used for calculating the fair value of biological assets?
- 7. Should the additional impairment test required by IAS 28 Associates be preformed in accordance with IAS 36 Impairment of Assets or IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement?
- 8. Should IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement be amended to classify prepayment penalties that are charged to a borrower as closely related to the underlying loan where the penalty only compensates the lender for the changes in the interest rate?
- 9. Should IAS 41 Agriculture be amended to address an issue identified with the accounting for replanting obligations?
- 10. Should IAS 41 Agriculture be amended to identify 'felled trees' as an example of agricultural produce rather than 'logs'?
- The Board will also be asked to consider proposed wording to reflect the decisions it took at the May Board meeting in respect of advertising and promotions costs.
Friday 22 June 2007 (morning only)
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7 June 2007: Accounting Roundup May 2007
FASB Developments
- FASB Clarifies Settlement of a Tax Position in an Interpretation 48 FSP
- Interpretation 46(R) FSP Issued for Investment Companies
- Hedge Accounting Project Added to Agenda
AICPA Developments
- Employee Benefit Plan Technical Practice Aids Issued
- Framework for AICPA Code of Professional Conduct Exposure Draft
- Proposed Revisions to Peer Review Standards
- Discussion Paper on Improving Clarity of ASB Standards
SEC Developments
- Management Guidance Provided on Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404
- Rule Changes Proposed on Capital Raising and Disclosure Requirements for Smaller Companies
- Extension of Comment Period for Proposed Broker-Dealer Rules
- SEC Provides Research Guides for Securities Laws and Public Companies
- Auditor Independence Brochure Made Available
- SEC Staff Warns Securities Industry Firms of Imposters
PCAOB Developments
- Auditing Standard Approved
- PCAOB Holds International Auditor Regulatory Institute
GASB Developments
- Statement on Pension Disclosures Issued
FASAB Developments
- Exposure Draft on Accounting for Federal Oil and Gas Resources
International Developments
- IASB Preliminary Views on Accounting for Insurance Contracts
- US and European Union Agree to Work to Eliminate Financial Reporting Reconciliation
Other Developments
- OMB Issues 2007 A-133 Compliance Supplement
- Treasury Department Announces Initiatives to Improve Financial Reporting and Auditing Profession
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You will find past issues of Accounting Roundup Here.
7 June 2007: FASB-ASBJ convergence meeting
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Board and staff members of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently traveled to Tokyo to meet with representatives of the Accounting Standards Board of Japan (ASBJ). Led by Robert H. Herz, Chairman of the FASB, and Ikuo Nishikawa, Chairman of the ASBJ, the meeting was the third in a series of discussions between FASB and ASBJ designed to enhance dialogue between the two Boards in their shared pursuit of global convergence of accounting standards. Click for FASB News Release (PDF 22k) and similar ASBJ Press Release (PDF 52k). |
6 June 2007: CESR proposal for assessing IFRS 'equivalence'
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The Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) has submitted to the European Commission recommendations for a mechanism for determining the equivalence of the generally accepted accounting principles of third countries (non-EU countries) to IFRSs as adopted in the EU. The key elements in CESR's proposal are: |
- The national standard setter (and/or another suitable public body) in a country seeking equivalent status should assess whether that country's required disclosures, measurement and recognition principles, and financial statement presentation are materially the same as IFRSs and where they are not, assess the differences.
- If there are no significant differences between the third country GAAP and IFRSs, such GAAP may be deemed equivalent without the need for additional rectification disclosures.
- Even if significant differences exist, the third country GAAP may be considered equivalent to IFRSs if those differences identified can be rectified at company level by non-complex disclosures. Those additional non-complex disclosures should be subject to audit.
- Prior to giving any advice to the Commission on whether to accept an equivalence assessment, CESR would seek reactions from market users regarding the third country GAAP and the proposed rectifications via public consultation.
- Once all other steps have been fulfilled, and using the definition of equivalence CESR has already provided, an 'overall' assessment of equivalence should be made in the final instance by the European Commission via a comitology process.
- For the purposes of establishing equivalence, CESR assumes that third country GAAPs are properly applied including the provision of any rectifying disclosures necessary. CESR further assumes that the necessary filters for ensuring market confidence are in place for third country issuers using or participating in the EU capital markets.
- Finally, CESR considers that an assessment of the reliability of the audit conducted on the financial statements of issuers using an equivalent GAAP should be a step in the mechanism.
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In addition to its proposed mechanism for determining equivalence, CESR suggests the European Commission considers extending the existing transitional measures for those GAAPs currently converging to IFRS if certain conditions are met. Should the Commission adopt such transitional measures, CESR would recommend they not be extended beyond 2012. A CESR study earlier this year found that at least 33 different non-EU national GAAPs are used on EU regulated exchanges. Click to download:
6 June 2007: SEC Chief Accountant speaks about IFRSs
Conrad Hewitt, the Chief Accountant of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, spoke about International Accounting Convergence (PDF 66k) at the recent IASC Foundation IFRS Conference in Zurich. Major themes in his remarks included reducing complexity in financial reporting, how strong internal controls improve the application of accounting standards, interactive data including XBRL, and the challenge to regulators of national and regional variations of International Financial Reporting Standards. An excerpt:
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The contemplation of the possibility of eliminating an IFRS to US GAAP reconciliation requirement, however, was written in the context of statements that comply with IFRSs in the form issued by the IASB as opposed to in the context of 'recognition' of financial statements prepared using jurisdictional versions of IFRSs pursuant to which the financial statements cannot also be asserted to comply with IFRSs itself. To the Roadmap's goal of the benefits of having a single set of global standards, I encourage companies moving to IFRSs to walk the extra mile and adopt IFRSs as issued by the IASB.
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5 June 2007: European Commission seeks input on IFRS 8 Operating Segments
The European Commission is conducting a public consultation regarding the endorsement of IFRS 8 Operating Segments before finalising a report on the potential impact of endorsement for submission to the European Parliament in September 2007. The Commission seeks input from a broad range of constituents, including preparers, users, auditors, standard setters, and academics, via a questionnaire that it has posted. Responses to the questionnaire are due by 29 June 2007. Click to Download the Questionnaire (PDF 33k). The eight questions to which the Commission is seeking responses are set out below:
- Question 1: Please indicate whether you submitted comments to IASB and/or EFRAG during their
consultations.
- Question 2:
- a) Do you think information prepared under the management approach on which IFRS 8 is based is more relevant, reliable, comparable, understandable and useful than information prepared under IAS 14?
- b) Do you think that information prepared under the management approach improves the true and fair representation of business activities?
- c) Are you of the opinion that segment information based on the management approach provides greater accuracy for measuring individual segments and ultimately results in greater forecast precision than segment information based on IAS 14?
- Question 3:
- a) Do you assess that cost for preparation of information is lower under IFRS 8 than under IAS 14?
- b) Do you think that the cost/benefit balance of replacing IAS 14 by IFRS 8 is positive (e.g. lower cost outweighing the potentially lower quality of information provided or potentially higher quality of information provided outweighing higher cost)?
- Question 4: Do you consider that the principles on which IFRS 8 is based, in particular the fact that
information for segment reports should be prepared through the eyes of the 'chief operating decision maker', would pose problems on established EU practices, e.g. in the area of corporate governance?
- Question 5: Do you agree with the argument that IFRS 8 requires smaller listed companies to report a
segment by segment analysis of their business including commercial sensitive
information with the effect that competitiveness of smaller listed companies in the EU
will be harmed? Please provide reasons for your view and indicate how far that
constitutes a change compared to the requirements of IAS 14.
- Question 6:
- a) Do you believe that the lack of mandatory requirements for full segment information on a geographical basis in IFRS 8 gives sufficient reason for a non-endorsement decision?
- b) Do you believe that other mandatory requirements for segment information are missing in IFRS 8 (compared to IAS 14)? If yes, which ones?
- Question 7: Can you provide any information that has been generated by field studies, research work,
internal analysis carried out in your organisation, jurisdiction?
- Question 8: If you have any further comments on this consultation please provide them to us .
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5 June 2007: Updated EFRAG endorsement status report
The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group has updated its report showing the status of endorsement, under the EU Accounting Regulation, of each IFRS, including standards, interpretations, and amendments. Click to download the Endorsement Status Report as of 4 June 2007 (PDF 36k).
The report reflects the recent publication of IFRIC 10 and IFRIC 11 in the Official Journal of the EU (see our news story of 4 June 2007. Currently, the following IASB pronouncements have not yet been endorsed for use in Europe:
- IFRS 8 Operating Segments
- IAS 23 Borrowing Costs (revised March 2007)
- IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements
5 June 2007: Entwurf eines vorgeschlagenen IFRS für KMU (SME ED in German)
The IASB has published the German translation of the Exposure Draft of a Proposed International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities Entwurf eines vorgeschlagenen IFRS für kleine und mittelgrosse Unternehmen (KMU). The German translation is now freely available to all from the 'Open to Comment' Pages of the IASB's Website. The comment period closes on 1 October 2007. Currently only the ED itself is available in German. Translations of the Implementation Guidance and Basis for Conclusions will be posted before the end of June. Spanish and French translations were previously published and can be downloaded from the 'Open to Comment' link.
5 June 2007: Understanding FEI's top 10 financial reporting issues for 2007
Financial Executives International (FEI) recently released a list of 10 prominent financial reporting issues that require
special attention in 2007. To help financial executives and audit committees understand these issues, Deloitte & Touche LLP (United States) has prepared a special edition of Audit Committee Brief on FEI's Top 10 Financial Reporting Issues for 2007 (PDF 264k). The summary also sets forth additional resources relevant to each topic.
FEI's 10 prominent financial reporting issues that require special attention in 2007 are:
- Internal Controls
- Uncertain Tax Positions
- XBRL
- Fair Value
- Servicing Assets and Liabilities
- Complexity in Financial Reporting
- Derivatives
- Pensions
- Earnings per Share
- Business Combinations
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5 June 2007: IFAC survey on the financial reporting 'supply chain'
The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has invited all participants in the financial reporting supply chain, including investors and other users of financial reports, standard setters, preparers, auditors, academics, and regulators to complete a global survey designed to obtain information that could strengthen the financial reporting process. The survey, which may be completed through 6 July 2007, is part of an IFAC project designed to analyse the financial reporting supply chain and to develop recommendations to further improve the quality of financial reporting. Specifically, the survey seeks the views of those in the financial reporting supply chain on corporate governance, financial reporting, and financial auditing and asks what actions they think will further improve the quality of the financial reporting process. The survey will be complemented with a number of in-depth one-on-one interviews. It can be accessed online at www.ifac.org/financialreportingsurvey/. Click for Press Release (PDF 81k).
4 June 2007: EU adopts IFRIC 10 and IFRIC 11 for use in Europe
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The European Union has published two Commission Regulations in the Official Journal of the EU, thereby adopting IFRIC 10 and IFRIC 11 for use in Europe: |
- Regulation (EC) No 610/2007 (PDF 45k) amending Regulation (EC) No 1725/2003 of 01 June 2007 adopting IFRIC 10 Interim Financial Reporting and Impairment.
- Regulation (EC) No 611/2007 (PDF 53k) amending Regulation (EC) No 1725/2003 of 01 June 2007 adopting IFRIC 11 IFRS 2 Group and Treasury Share Transactions.
4 June 2007: Implications of the IASB Insurance Discussion Paper
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Deloitte (United Kingdom) has published a Special Edition of the Insurance Market Update Newsletter (PDF 357k) on Phase II of the IASB's project to develop an IFRS for Insurance Contracts. The newsletter discusses the recent IASB Discussion Paper (DP) on Insurance Contracts. The newsletter expresses Deloitte's general support of the overall approach of valuing insurance liabilities on a market consistent basis. It notes, however, that the current exit value ('CEV') approach proposed in the DP raises many questions the industry will need to consider. It is important that market participants continue to provide input in the development of the principles into a standard across the life and non-life insurance industry. The newsletter identifies the key implications of the proposals in the DP. These are outlined below. |
Key Implications of the Insurance DP and Issues for Consideration:
- the application of discounting for insurance cash flows (including non-life liabilities) and the selection of the related discount rates;
- the requirement to consider all possible cash flows in deriving probability weighted expected mean average cash flows;
- development of industry market practice for the determination of market consistent risk margins and service margins;
- whether an overall insurer's risk margin should take into account portfolio diversification;
- the risk and service margins established at inception may, in certain circumstances, allow an insurer to report a profit or loss on inception of the insurance business;
- the volatility of insurer liabilities and the resultant profits and losses that will arise as market consistent discount rates and estimates of risk and service margin change after inception;
- the subjectivity of many of the estimates required and the likely range of acceptable estimates will present challenges for directors and auditors in determining the appropriateness of the overall estimates for insurance liabilities;
- detailed disclosure of the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate risk and service margins will be crucial to the effect of market disclosure in promoting the development of established industry practice for the consistent estimation of these margins;
- whether accounting differences between the CEV proposals and the IAS 18 requirements for investment contracts should be eliminated and if not, whether the increased cost and complexity of unbundling insurance and investment contracts would be justified;
- whether the CEV should reflect the credit characteristics of the insurer or be estimated on a consistent basis by all insurers;
- convergence of accounting, regulatory, pricing and risk management modelling of insurance liabilities so that the basic modelling techniques can be embedded within the business and deliver consistency of reporting and measurement;
- introducing new accounting systems to determine CEV will be costly but they will be likely to be more cost effective if they can be utilised throughout the business, not just for financial reporting; and
- the need for insurers to educate users of financial statements on the implications of applying this new reporting model to their particular business.
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3 June 2007: Heads Up newsletter on SEC and PCAOB SOx 404 decisions
At its 23 May 2007 open meeting, the SEC approved guidance (proposed in December) for management of registrants to use in evaluating internal control over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The next day, the PCAOB approved Auditing Standard No. 5 An Audit of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting That is Integrated with an Audit of Financial Statements. AS 5 is subject to SEC approval. We have posted the 31 May 2007 Edition of the Heads Up Newsletter (PDF 81k). It summarises the SEC's and PCAOB's decisions related to Section 404, as well as other recent SEC and PCAOB developments of interest.
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