Climate-related resources
Climate change continues to be an area of specific focus for investors, regulators and other business stakeholders who are increasingly demanding better disclosures on climate change matters. Investors and other stakeholders are clear that climate-related risks could be material to businesses in all sectors and are asking for clear, specific and quantified information that describes:
- whether the company’s climate-related commitments and targets are ‘Paris-aligned’, how the company will deliver on those and how the commitments and targets have been reflected in the financial statements;
- how the impacts of physical and transition risks have been considered in preparing the financial statements;
- what climate-related assumptions and estimates were used to prepare the financial statements, how they are Paris-aligned, or an explanation of why not, together with sensitivity analysis showing the impact of using Paris-aligned assumptions and estimates;
- how Paris-alignment impacts dividend-paying capacity; and
- whether narrative reporting on climate risks and the accounting assumptions are consistent, or an explanation for any divergence.
Regulatory expectations and reporting requirements
The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) indicates that whilst companies have ‘generally risen to the challenge of mandatory Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) reporting’, this is an area where companies still need to focus on to improve the quality of their reporting. Whilst premium-listed commercial companies will already be familiar with mandatory ‘comply or explain’ TCFD reporting, for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022, those disclosure requirements are extended to standard listed companies, asset managers, life insurers and FCA-regulated pension providers. Companies should also be aware of updates to the TCFD guidance that will apply for the first time. Those that claimed full compliance with all of the TCFD recommendations and recommended disclosures last year will likely need to provide additional disclosures this year to continue to claim that their disclosures are consistent.
Both the FRC and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) set out their increasing expectations for the coming reporting season in their recent thematic reviews. They expect companies to:
- give more granular and company specific information about the effects of climate change on different businesses, sectors and geographies;
- ensure that the discussion of climate-related risks and opportunities is balanced;
- link climate-related disclosures, such as the output of climate-related scenario analysis, with other relevant narrative disclosures in the annual report, such as the business model or strategy;
- explain how materiality has been applied in deciding which climate-related information should be disclosed; and
- ensure connectivity between TCFD disclosures and the financial statements to help investors understand the relationship between climate-related matters and judgements and estimates applied in the financial statements.
Whilst climate reporting is improving, the expectations of regulators and investors are increasing. Both regulators will be looking for continued improvement in 2022. In particular, it is clear that disclosures should be provided at the TCFD all-sector guidance level and, where appropriate, the supplemental guidance for the financial sector and for non-financial groups should also be addressed. Companies making net zero commitments are encouraged to refer to the messages contained within a recent FRC Lab report to assist them in meeting investor and regulatory expectations.
In addition to the messages from the FRC and FCA, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has also announced that it will focus on climate-related matters as part of its Common Enforcement Priorities for 2022 financial statements.
For accounting periods beginning on or after 6 April 2022, the Climate-related Financial Disclosure Regulations (CFD) will require certain in-scope entities to make climate-related financial disclosures aligned to the four TCFD pillars in the strategic report. The government has issued non-binding guidance to help with application of these requirements.
Progress towards global sustainability reporting standards
The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) is now emerging as the global standard-setter for standards on sustainability reporting for capital markets. The UK government has stated that it intends to require UK businesses to report against the standards developed by the ISSB and that it will create a mechanism to adopt and endorse standards issued by the ISSB for use in the UK. These will form part of the UK government’s Sustainability Disclosure Requirements (SDR), a single framework of economy-wide disclosures for companies, asset managers and owners, and investment products.
In March 2022, the ISSB, published two Exposure Drafts (EDs) for its first IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards; IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information and IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures. The ISSB is currently redeliberating the proposals in the EDs and publication of the final standards is expected early in 2023.
Other climate-related developments
In November 2022, the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) was adopted by the European Parliament and approved by the Council of the European Union. The CSRD, an enhanced version of the existing Non-financial Reporting Directive, will make sustainability reporting using European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) mandatory for all EU-listed and large companies, phased in from 2024 onwards. The CSRD will directly affect UK companies if they have securities listed on EU regulated markets or if they have at least one EU subsidiary or EU branch and meet certain turnover thresholds. It will also apply directly to EU subsidiaries of UK companies. The first set of draft ESRS was submitted to the European Commission in November 2022 and exposure drafts for a second set of standards including sector-specific standards are also expected in 2023.
This UK Accounting plus page includes our climate-related resources to assist companies. It includes links to:
- All climate change related news
- All climate change related publications
- News items on the Climate-related Financial Disclosure Regulations
- Publications on the Climate-related Financial Disclosure Regulations
- News items on the TCFD listing rule and reporting expectations
- Publications on the TCFD listing rule and reporting expectations
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