SEC views on valuing employee stock options

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10 Sep 2005

US FASB Statement 123R, like IFRS 2, requires that share-based payments to employees be measured by estimating the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments (such as options) that an entity is obligated to issue when employees have earned the right to benefit from the instruments (that is, when the right to the option has vested).

The standards also say that the best evidence of fair value for employee stock options is observable market prices of identical or similar instruments in active markets. Some US companies have proposed to design and issue in the market financial instruments that replicate the terms and conditions of employee stock options, for the purpose of obtaining a market-based value of the employee options. At the request of the Office of the Chief Accountant of the US SEC, the SEC's Office of Economic Analysis (OEA) has prepared a report on the potential use of such instruments for valuing employee stock options as an alternative to modelling. The OEA report concludes:

The main conclusion of our analysis to date is that instruments that track the future flows of net obligations facing the company or net receipts by its employees under the option grant can yield reasonable estimates of fair value as defined in Statement 123R. Further, our analysis indicates that instruments that replicate the terms and conditions of employee stock options or other share-based compensation do not produce reasonable estimates of fair value.

Based on the OEA report, the Chief Accountant of the SEC issued a public statement that concluded:

Replicating all of the terms and conditions of employee stock options with a market instrument is difficult. I also recognize that there may be alternative ways to provide an adequate estimate of the fair value of an employee stock option. As noted in the memo from OEA, there already are several methods that have been considered. Broadly speaking, my staff and I, with help from OEA, have become comfortable that it should be possible to design instruments whose transaction prices would be a reasonable estimate of the fair value of underlying employee stock options using either of the methodologies that seek to track returns to holders of options or the obligations of the issuer of those options. Further, while I recognize alternative views and new facts are possible, at this point, we have significant doubts based on OEA's views, as to whether it would be possible to design an instrument that would achieve the measurement objective of Statement 123R by relying on similar contractual terms and conditions. That is primarily because of the difficulties inherent in replicating the employer-employee relationship in an issuer-investor arrangement.

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